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Research Monograph

Retatrutide (LY3437943) — Triple Incretin Receptor Agonist

Also Known AsLY3437943 · Reta · GGG tri-agonist

Molecular Weight~4600 g/mol
Discovered2022
Citations2 peer-reviewed
Research Areas3 domains
Background

Developed by Eli Lilly as the first triple incretin receptor agonist (GLP-1R/GIPR/GCGR). Designed to simultaneously activate all three incretin and glucagon pathways for maximal metabolic benefit.

Mechanisms of Action

How Retatrutide Works

01

GLP-1 Receptor Agonism

Activates GLP-1 receptors for appetite suppression, glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and gastric emptying delay — the same pathway as semaglutide.

GLP-1Rhypothalamic appetite centers
02

GIP Receptor Agonism

Activates glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptors, enhancing insulin sensitivity and promoting fat oxidation in adipose tissue. The GIP component distinguishes it from pure GLP-1 agonists and contributes to improved tolerability.

GIPRadipose tissuebeta cells
03

Glucagon Receptor Agonism

Uniquely activates the glucagon receptor, increasing hepatic fat oxidation, energy expenditure via thermogenesis, and amino acid-driven satiety. This is the component absent from all other approved metabolic peptides.

GCGRhepatocytesbrown adipose tissue
Evidence-Graded Research Areas

Published Research

Strong
Moderate
Emerging
Preclinical

Obesity

Strong

Phase 2 data published in NEJM demonstrated up to 24.2% mean body weight reduction at the highest dose (12mg) over 48 weeks — the largest weight reduction ever observed in a clinical obesity trial at time of publication. Phase 3 (TRIUMPH program) is ongoing.

Type 2 Diabetes

Moderate

Phase 2 data demonstrated HbA1c reductions of up to 2.02% at 36 weeks, with dose-dependent glycemic improvements and substantial weight loss across all dose groups.

NAFLD/Metabolic Liver Disease

Emerging

Preclinical and early clinical data suggest exceptional effects on hepatic steatosis, likely driven by the glucagon receptor component which directly promotes hepatic fat oxidation. This represents a key differentiator from GLP-1-only agents.

Safety Profile

Phase 2 adverse event profile similar to other incretin-based therapies: nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, decreased appetite. Dose titration mitigates GI effects. The glucagon receptor component raises theoretical concerns about hyperglycemia in non-diabetic populations, though not observed in trials. Phase 3 safety data pending.

Handling & Storage

Reconstitute lyophilized retatrutide with bacteriostatic water. Store reconstituted solution at 2-8°C. Lyophilized powder stable at -20°C.

References & Citations

Peer-Reviewed Literature

  1. 1

    Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity — a phase 2 trial

    Jastreboff AM, Kaplan LM, Frías JP, et al.

    New England Journal of Medicine, 2023PubMed 37351564DOI
  2. 2

    Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes

    Rosenstock J, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, et al.

    Lancet, 2023PubMed 37385280DOI
Frequently Asked Questions

Retatrutide FAQ

What is retatrutide?

Retatrutide (LY3437943) is a first-in-class triple hormone receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly that simultaneously activates GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors. It represents the most advanced multi-receptor metabolic compound in clinical development.

How does retatrutide compare to semaglutide?

Retatrutide targets three receptors (GLP-1R, GIPR, GCGR) compared to semaglutide's single receptor (GLP-1R). Phase 2 clinical data showed retatrutide achieved ~24% mean weight reduction vs. ~17% for semaglutide, likely due to additive effects from GIP-mediated fat oxidation and glucagon-mediated hepatic metabolism and thermogenesis.

What phase of clinical development is retatrutide in?

As of 2024-2025, retatrutide is in Phase 3 clinical trials under Eli Lilly's TRIUMPH program, which includes studies for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Phase 2 results published in the New England Journal of Medicine (2023) demonstrated record-setting weight reduction.

Available for Research

Retatrutide Products

All compounds 99%+ purity, verified by Janoshik Analytical. GMP-manufactured lyophilized powder.

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Disclaimer: This monograph is provided for educational and research purposes only. G26x Peptides products are sold exclusively as research chemicals. They are not intended for human consumption, therapeutic use, or as dietary supplements. All research should be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and institutional review board protocols. Information presented here is sourced from published peer-reviewed literature and does not constitute medical advice.